Nature Neuroscience Journal ~ April 2009, Volume 12 No 4 pp363-522 by: NPG
Nature Neuroscience Journal ~ April 2009, Volume 12 No 4 pp363-522
by: NPG
EditorialMaking the most of reviewer resources - p363doi:10.1038/nn0409-363
In 2008,
Nature Neuroscience joined a community consortium aimed at making peer review more efficient by allowing reviews to be transferred between consortium journals. We look back at our experience with the Neuroscience Peer Review Consortium over the last year.
Full Text - Making the most of reviewer resources | PDF (225 KB) - Making the most of reviewer resources
Top of pageCorrespondence
First report of action potentials in a
C. elegans neuron is premature - pp365 - 366Shawn R Lockery, Miriam B Goodman & Serge Faumont
doi:10.1038/nn0409-365
Full Text - First report of action potentials in a C. elegans neuron is premature | PDF (1,072 KB) - First report of action potentials in a C. elegans neuron is premature
Reply to "First report of action potentials in a
C. elegans neuron is premature" - p366Jerry E Mellem, Penelope J Brockie, David M Madsen & Andres V Maricq
doi:10.1038/nn0409-366
Full Text - Reply to "First report of action potentials in a C. elegans neuron is premature" | PDF (84 KB) - Reply to "First report of action potentials in a C. elegans neuron is premature"
Top of pageBook Review
Memory and reality - p367Daniel L Schacter & Brendan Gaesser review The Confabulating Mind: How the Brain Creates Reality by Armin Schnider
doi:10.1038/nn0409-367
Full Text - Memory and reality | PDF (137 KB) - Memory and reality
Top of pageNews and Views
Fine control: microRNA regulation of adult neurogenesis - pp369 - 370Qin Shen & Sally Temple
doi:10.1038/nn0409-369
Neural stem cells transition through several progenitor stages before finally generating postmitotic neurons. New work shows that one of these steps, the generation of neuroblasts from transient amplifying precursors in the adult subventricular zone, requires downregulation of the transcription factor Sox9 by the microRNA miR-124.
Full Text - Fine control: microRNA regulation of adult neurogenesis | PDF (503 KB) - Fine control: microRNA regulation of adult neurogenesis
See also: Article by Cheng et al.
Proteoglycans specify Sonic Hedgehog effect - pp371 - 372Catherine Vaillant & Denis Monard
doi:10.1038/nn0409-371
How can the multifunctional factor Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) elicit specific responses from its target cells? A study now pinpoints proteoglycans as crucial anchors and modulators of SHH signaling, eliciting a proliferation response.
Full Text - Proteoglycans specify Sonic Hedgehog effect | PDF (386 KB) - Proteoglycans specify Sonic Hedgehog effect
See also: Article by Chan et al.
Neuronal communication: a detailed balancing act - pp372 - 374Emilio Salinas
doi:10.1038/nn0409-372
What controls the functional connections between sending and receiving neurons? A new model suggests that each receiver circuit has a local switch that is controlled by the balance between excitation and inhibition.
Full Text - Neuronal communication: a detailed balancing act | PDF (1,425 KB) - Neuronal communication: a detailed balancing act
See also: Article by Vogels & Abbott
It's not you, it's me. Really. - pp374 - 375Garrett B Stanley
doi:10.1038/nn0409-374
A subset of neurons in rat barrel cortex integrate information about the object a whisker contacts with the motion of the whisker at the time of contact, setting the stage for a highly specialized object localization system.
Full Text - It's not you, it's me. Really. | PDF (232 KB) - It's not you, it's me. Really.
See also: Article by Curtis & Kleinfeld
Top of pageCommentary
The quest for action potentials in
C. elegans neurons hits a plateau - pp377 - 378Shawn R Lockery & Miriam B Goodman
doi:10.1038/nn0409-377
The small size and high resistance of
C. elegans neurons makes them sensitive to the random opening of single ion channels, probably rendering codes that are based on classical, all-or-none action potentials unworkable. The recent discovery in
C. elegans of a special class of regenerative events known as plateau potentials introduces the possibility of digital neural codes. Such codes would solve the problem of representing information in nervous systems in which action potentials are unreliable.
Full Text - The quest for action potentials in C. elegans neurons hits a plateau | PDF (217 KB) - The quest for action potentials in C. elegans neurons hits a plateau
Top of pageReview
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in disorders of myelinating cells - pp379 - 385Wensheng Lin & Brian Popko
doi:10.1038/nn.2273
Recent work suggests that endoplasmic reticulum stress in myelinating cells is important in the pathogenesis of various disorders of myelin, including multiple sclerosis. In this review, Lin and Popko review our current understanding of the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in myelinating cells.
Abstract - | Full Text - Endoplasmic reticulum stress in disorders of myelinating cells | PDF (373 KB) - Endoplasmic reticulum stress in disorders of myelinating cells
Top of pageBrief Communications
A dual leucine kinase–dependent axon self-destruction program promotes Wallerian degeneration - pp387 - 389Bradley R Miller, Craig Press, Richard W Daniels, Yo Sasaki, Jeffrey Milbrandt & Aaron DiAntonio
????: Study Temple-All kinds of Study Material Nature Neuroscience Journal ~ April 2009, Volume 12 No 4 pp363-522 by: NPG ????: Study Temple-All kinds of Study Material Nature Neuroscience Journal ~ April 2009, Volume 12 No 4 pp363-522 by: NPGdoi:10.1038/nn.2290
Axon degeneration is an active process. Miller and colleagues show in fly and mouse models that axon degeneration requires the kinase DLK and its downstream target JNK to proceed.
Abstract - | Full Text - A dual leucine kinase–dependent axon self-destruction program promotes Wallerian degeneration | PDF (437 KB) - A dual leucine kinase–dependent axon self-destruction program promotes Wallerian degeneration | Supplementary information
Thalamic activity that drives visual cortical plasticity - pp390 - 392Monica L Linden, Arnold J Heynen, Robert H Haslinger & Mark F Bear
doi:10.1038/nn.2284
To understand how monocular eyelid closure and retinal inactivation can affect cortical ocular dominance, Linden
et al. examined the firing activity of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. They report that the firing pattern, but not the firing rate, is differentially affected by manipulations of retinal activity.
Abstract - | Full Text - Thalamic activity that drives visual cortical plasticity | PDF (246 KB) - Thalamic activity that drives visual cortical plasticity | Supplementary information
D2R striatopallidal neurons inhibit both locomotor and drug reward processes - pp393 - 395Pierre F Durieux, Bertrand Bearzatto, Stefania Guiducci, Thorsten Buch, Ari Waisman, Michele Zoli, Serge N Schiffmann & Alban de Kerchove d'Exaerde
doi:10.1038/nn.2286
The striatum contains two distinct types of GABAergic neurons, striatonigral and striatopallidal cells. Durieux and colleagues genetically ablated the striatopallidal population in mice, uncovering specific roles for these neurons in the control of locomotion and the response to the addictive drug amphetamine.
Abstract - | Full Text - D2R striatopallidal neurons inhibit both locomotor and drug reward processes | PDF (342 KB) - D2R striatopallidal neurons inhibit both locomotor and drug reward processes | Supplementary information
Pharmacological REM sleep suppression paradoxically improves rather than impairs skill memory - pp396 - 397Björn Rasch, Julian Pommer, Susanne Diekelmann & Jan Born
doi:10.1038/nn.2206
Previous work suggests that post-learning rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is crucial for memory consolidation, but this study shows that suppressing REM sleep via serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors instead enhances memory consolidation of a motor skill task.
Abstract - | Full Text - Pharmacological REM sleep suppression paradoxically improves rather than impairs skill memory | PDF (133 KB) - Pharmacological REM sleep suppression paradoxically improves rather than impairs skill memory | Supplementary information
Top of pageArticles
miR-124 regulates adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone stem cell niche - pp399 - 408Li-Chun Cheng, Erika Pastrana, Masoud Tavazoie & Fiona Doetsch
doi:10.1038/nn.2294
This study shows that the microRNA miR-124 is required for neuronal differentiation of adult neural progenitors
in vitro and
in vivo. The transcription factor Sox9 opposes neuronal differentiation and is suppressed by miRNA-124.
Abstract - | Full Text - miR-124 regulates adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone stem cell niche | PDF (1,286 KB) - miR-124 regulates adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone stem cell niche | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Shen & Temple
Proteoglycan interactions with Sonic Hedgehog specify mitogenic responses - pp409 - 417Jennifer A Chan, Srividya Balasubramanian, Rochelle M Witt, Kellie J Nazemi, Yoojin Choi, Maria F Pazyra-Murphy, Carolyn O Walsh, Margaret Thompson & Rosalind A Segal
doi:10.1038/nn.2287
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) functions as both a mitogen and a patterning agent during development. Looking mainly at the developing mouse cerebellum, this study shows that the mitogenic activity, but not the patterning role, requires Shh to interact with proteoglycans.
Abstract - | Full Text - Proteoglycan interactions with Sonic Hedgehog specify mitogenic responses | PDF (625 KB) - Proteoglycan interactions with Sonic Hedgehog specify mitogenic responses | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Vaillant & Monard
Paracrine control of oligodendrocyte differentiation by SRF-directed neuronal gene expression - pp418 - 427Christine Stritt, Sina Stern, Kai Harting, Thomas Manke, Daniela Sinske, Heinz Schwarz, Martin Vingron, Alfred Nordheim & Bernd Knöll
doi:10.1038/nn.2280
This study shows that the transcription factor SRF, expressed in neurons, crucially affects oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination through a non–cell autonomous mechanism. SRF appears to act, at least in part, by repressing transcription of the paracrine growth factor CTGF. Overexpression of CTGF reduced oligodendrocyte differentiation.
Abstract - | Full Text - Paracrine control of oligodendrocyte differentiation by SRF-directed neuronal gene expression | PDF (1,228 KB) - Paracrine control of oligodendrocyte differentiation by SRF-directed neuronal gene expression | Supplementary information
Trans-synaptic adhesion between NGL-3 and LAR regulates the formation of excitatory synapses - pp428 - 437Jooyeon Woo, Seok-Kyu Kwon, Seungwon Choi, Seho Kim, Jae-Ran Lee, Anthone W Dunah, Morgan Sheng & Eunjoon Kim
doi:10.1038/nn.2279
Although the receptor tyrosine phosphatase LAR is known to regulate the devolvement of excitatory synapse and to direct proper guidance of axons, the extracellular ligand for its activation has remained unknown. This study identifies postsynaptic netrin G-ligand 3 (NGL-3) as the trans-synaptic adhesion ligand of LAR and demonstrates a bidirectional regulation of excitatory synapse formation by the LAR/NGL-3 interaction.
Abstract - | Full Text - Trans-synaptic adhesion between NGL-3 and LAR regulates the formation of excitatory synapses | PDF (1,413 KB) - Trans-synaptic adhesion between NGL-3 and LAR regulates the formation of excitatory synapses | Supplementary information
Altered chloride homeostasis removes synaptic inhibitory constraint of the stress axis - pp438 - 443Sarah A Hewitt, Jaclyn I Wamsteeker, Ebba U Kurz & Jaideep S Bains
doi:10.1038/nn.2274
The release of stress hormone from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is regulated by nearby GABAergic input. This study shows that behavioral stress affects chloride ion homeostasis and thus tapers GABAergic inhibition, thereby suggesting disinhibition of the PVN as a mechanism for stress response initiation.
Abstract - | Full Text - Altered chloride homeostasis removes synaptic inhibitory constraint of the stress axis | PDF (415 KB) - Altered chloride homeostasis removes synaptic inhibitory constraint of the stress axis | Supplementary information
Tuning of synapse number, structure and function in the cochlea - pp444 - 453Alexander C Meyer, Thomas Frank, Darina Khimich, Gerhard Hoch, Dietmar Riedel, Nikolai M Chapochnikov, Yury M Yarin, Benjamin Harke, Stefan W Hell, Alexander Egner & Tobias Moser
doi:10.1038/nn.2293
In the cochlea, ribbon synapses are used to transmit acoustic information from inner hair cells to spiral ganglion cells. Here the authors find that the properties of these synapses vary along the tonotopic axis, providing a candidate presynaptic mechanism for modulating the dynamics of ganglion cell spiking.
Abstract - | Full Text - Tuning of synapse number, structure and function in the cochlea | PDF (1,090 KB) - Tuning of synapse number, structure and function in the cochlea | Supplementary information
Phosphodiesterase 1C is dispensable for rapid response termination of olfactory sensory neurons - pp454 - 462Katherine D Cygnar & Haiqing Zhao
doi:10.1038/nn.2289
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity in olfactory sensory neuron cilia is thought to be responsible for degrading odor-induced signaling, resulting in rapid response termination. However, disrupting the variety of PDE found only in cilia unexpectedly turns out not to result in a rapid response termination deficit. Only eliminating both cilia-localized and cell body–localized varieties of PDEs resulted in prolonged termination.
Abstract - | Full Text - Phosphodiesterase 1C is dispensable for rapid response termination of olfactory sensory neurons | PDF (558 KB) - Phosphodiesterase 1C is dispensable for rapid response termination of olfactory sensory neurons | Supplementary information
Traveling waves in developing cerebellar cortex mediated by asymmetrical Purkinje cell connectivity - pp463 - 473Alanna J Watt, Hermann Cuntz, Masahiro Mori, Zoltan Nusser, P Jesper Sjöström & Michael Häusser
doi:10.1038/nn.2285
The authors use p****-clamp recordings and two-photon microscopy to characterize monosynaptic connections between Purkinje cells of the juvenile cerebellum. They then construct a network model that generates traveling waves of activity between connected Purkinje cells and validate their model with observations in juvenile cerebellar cortex.
Abstract - | Full Text - Traveling waves in developing cerebellar cortex mediated by asymmetrical Purkinje cell connectivity | PDF (3,006 KB) - Traveling waves in developing cerebellar cortex mediated by asymmetrical Purkinje cell connectivity | Supplementary information
Transformation of odor representations in target areas of the olfactory bulb - pp474 - 482Emre Yaksi, Francisca von Saint Paul, Jörn Niessing, Sebastian T Bundschuh & Rainer W Friedrich
doi:10.1038/nn.2288
The organization of the olfactory bulb has been extensively studied, but much less is known about downstream areas. The authors compare activity patterns in the zebrafish olfactory bulb and two of its targets. They find that the subpallial area has overlapping odor representations, whereas those in the area homologous to the olfactory bulb are more sharply tuned.
Abstract - | Full Text - Transformation of odor representations in target areas of the olfactory bulb | PDF (932 KB) - Transformation of odor representations in target areas of the olfactory bulb | Supplementary information
Gating multiple signals through detailed balance of excitation and inhibition in spiking networks - pp483 - 491Tim P Vogels & L F Abbott
doi:10.1038/nn.2276
The balance of excitation and inhibition across large populations of spiking neurons has been suggested to be important. Here the authors model the effects of a more detailed balance between incoming excitation and local inhibition on the transmission of signals through a neural network.
Abstract - | Full Text - Gating multiple signals through detailed balance of excitation and inhibition in spiking networks | PDF (806 KB) - Gating multiple signals through detailed balance of excitation and inhibition in spiking networks
See also: News and Views by Salinas
Phase-to-rate transformations encode touch in cortical neurons of a scanning sensorimotor system - pp492 - 501John C Curtis & David Kleinfeld
doi:10.1038/nn.2283
Active somatosensory perception requires the integration of signals arising from both external stimuli and motor activity. The authors found a population of neurons in rat somatosensory cortex that responded to touch only when contact occurred at a specific phase in the whisk cycle, providing information about the position of the object relative to the rat's face.
Abstract - | Full Text - Phase-to-rate transformations encode touch in cortical neurons of a scanning sensorimotor system | PDF (2,154 KB) - Phase-to-rate transformations encode touch in cortical neurons of a scanning sensorimotor system | Supplementary information
See also: News and Views by Stanley
Interval time coding by neurons in the presupplementary and supplementary motor areas - pp502 - 507Akihisa Mita, Hajime Mushiake, Keisetsu Shima, Yoshiya Matsuzaka & Jun Tanji
doi:10.1038/nn.2272
Previous work has implicated prefrontal and parietal cortex in time perception and the temporal domain in decision making. Single-cell recordings in monkeys performing an interval-generation task now reveal that neurons in the medial motor areas can also represent the passage of time.
Abstract - | Full Text - Interval time coding by neurons in the presupplementary and supplementary motor areas | PDF (593 KB) - Interval time coding by neurons in the presupplementary and supplementary motor areas | Supplementary information
A neural mechanism of first impressions - pp508 - 514Daniela Schiller, Jonathan B Freeman, Jason P Mitchell, James S Uleman & Elizabeth A Phelps
doi:10.1038/nn.2278
People can form opinions of others during an initial encounter. Neuroimaging results suggest that these first impressions are mediated by the amygdala and posterior cingulate cortex.
Abstract - | Full Text - A neural mechanism of first impressions | PDF (369 KB) - A neural mechanism of first impressions | Supplementary information
Hierarchical cognitive control deficits following damage to the human frontal lobe - pp515 - 522
David Badre, Joshua Hoffman, Jeffrey W Cooney & Mark D'Esposito
doi:10.1038/nn.2277
The frontal lobes are critical for cognitive control over both abstract actions and motor plans. On the basis of the behavioral deficits of lesions patients, the authors report that there is a hierarchical organization of cognitive control, with rostral areas being required for decisions about more abstract actions and caudal areas being required for decisions about more concrete actions.
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